Carnivorous Plant

The meal will be lured. Since many species of insects such as ants, inform their colleagues when they increased food supplies erkundschaftet have to be with a whole retinue anzurücken, this method can be very lucrative for the plant. Can with sizes up to 20 cm Nepenthes can certainly handle such quantities. The pitchers are powerful, 6000 digestive glands per square centimeter provide. Sundew (Drosera) This family has 90 species, the wide dissemination in Europe (6 species), Africa and Australia possesses. The various types come in different forms. The variations do occur in clumps of up to Schlinggewächsen, with the help of sticky sheets in their surroundings Klimmen upwards. Gears are also transformed leaves. For this we differentiates leaves three types: round (D. Rotundifolia), with the leaves around like a tennis racquet trained, the “brains” of leaves with a wealth of tentacles which, at their peak each a single droplet tauartiger digestive fluid leaking.

Insects, from that, for them to nectar fragrant, fluid will be attracted and a land of leaves remain on the sticky droplets hang. By Gezappel of insects is now the real Fangmechanismus triggered. The tentacles are driving the victim to the middle leaf; knäuelt then the entire sheet. This process takes, depending on the circumstances, a few minutes or even hours. After about a week to open the leaf, the insect is digested, the remains are from or are fortgeweht. A single tentacle creates a maximum of three such fishing operations. Then he withered. Darwin already created about an elaborate experiment in a study.

Another group of species Sonnentaus the leaves are long (D. Interactive Media, a common type of commercially available). Here are the leaves knäueln not together like a baseball Fanghandschuh, the victim is much more like curled in a kind of chameleon tongue. Finally, there are still some very exotic species in Africa is home, where the whole leaf densely equipped with tentacles and simply looks like a curved piece of wire (D. Filiformis). Even with these plants sitting in the flowers (small, inconspicuous, yellow to white) high above the rest of the plant to pollinators before the tentacles to protect. The rime enzymatic digestion of prey found here by the glands, which at the tops of the Tentacle sit.

These glands are very versatile: They produce the sticky nectar, the Verdauungssekrete and then take the nutrients. The movement of the Tentacle has resulted from a certain river from the leaf tissue. This reallocation of certain cells to grow tissue layers, while others remain constant or even shrink. Fly traps (Dionaea) most famous and most popular representative of this family (and the carnivorous plants in general) are the Venus fly traps (D. Muscipula, domiciled in North America). The tentacles are up to 7 cm long, and rosettenförmig arranged. In the center rises a stalk with up to 15 flowers, similar to Drosera. The individual tentacle is as follows: The largest proportion, about 3/4, consists of leaf-like design and looks really quite usual.

The trick is like a molded Fangklappe case bears at the top. In the open state, the Fangklappenhälften at an angle to each other by 50 °. The edges are canines; or in a closed state, they serve as a safe escape latticework. The inner part of the flaps is dyed red, a dye in the digestive gland secretions ensures educated. The bright coloration serves the purpose, inter alia, to attract potential food.

The Schliessmechnismus works like this: On the inside flap of each half there are three hairs. Against them must be a stimulus, whether zappelnde by insects or mechanical limbs influence twice within 1.5 to 20 seconds, in order to close the door to lead. The closing process takes only a quarter second. A digestive reaction takes place only if the internal sensors of the case (on appeal nitrogenous substances) is indeed a prey can be identified. This may be an insect, but also a piece of raw meat (so you can plant at home in times of acute shortage of insects eat). The digestion of prey lasts 10 days. Then the door opens and is now ready for use again. The remains of the prey are of wind and rain away. It is still not perfectly clear, as the movement of the flaps out. Presumably, similar to Drosera. However, this also has other things to play a role. Thus, for example, weak electric currents during the closing transactions measured.

Anyway, it is clear in any case, that the flaps not very often can be operated after some time leiert the mechanism and the leaf welkt. water hose (Utricularia) An aquatic Carnivorenpflanze. The species are all over the world, from Greenland to South Africa. Most species, however, live in the tropics, only 4 in Europe. Most species live in water, many are content instead with swampy, wet terrain, beat a few totally out of the epiphytic species and life (how many touchdown Orchis species). For all types of stem is rather thin, branched into many small Ästchen and then in numerous fadenartige leaves. At the purely aquatic species floats the whole plant then elegantly in the water. The land-living species, because without solid stems, as hingeschmissen on the ground.

All species have beautiful, colorful flowers on long, sturdy stems high above plant ooad of. The size of this plant is actually very different. It varies between a few centimeters to one meter. The traps are small bubbles here, which stems from the normal leaves sit in the water. Previously we thought that air-filled bubbles for stabilizing the plant in water.

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Carnivorous Plants

This theory had to be abandoned, as we have seen in the species living on land like bubbles discovered. The bubbles are converted leaves, pear-shaped, about three millimeters in size and at one end there is a small gate. Therefore, some small, but firm hairs attached. The Beutezug runs as follows: The victim, usually a Krustazee (An Chen cancer or so), swims at the gate (or very close to passing) and touched the hairs before. The hairs are connected to the gate in a simple mechanical design combined .

This ensures that the gate when touching the hairs far inwards aufschwingt. By opening in the bladder flows in a torrential gush of water, while the helpless victims in the bladder hineinschwemmend. Now closes the opening again. The bubble is now worth many times enlarged and filled. Since the Verdauungssekrete in water does not work, it must be first through the cell walls “ausgeschwitzt” are. This is done by specialized cells and goes very quickly. Even now following the digestive work is handled nimbly: 15-30 minutes with the we native U. Vulgaris, up to two hours for other species. – And already is the case again. The remains of the prey simply remain in the bladder. The competent for the digestive gland cells sit on small tentacles inside the bladder. The extent to which the digestive enzymes, bacteria or both, is not yet entirely clear. There are some micro-organisms (eg Euglena), who can not be eaten. They have adapted to the habitat that they provide the bubble traps, adapted. That is the extent practicable as their own private permanent nutrient solution.

Fat cabbage (Pinguicula) The fat cabbage, a distant relative of the water hose, makes all plants discussed here, nor the impression harmless. It’s across the northern hemisphere home, individual species in the Andes and in Patagonia. They grow on wetlands, preferably in high-altitude (in our example Alps). The leaves of this plant are circular, arranged overlapping each other, long-speerförmig, about 15 centimeters long and on the sides easily eingerollt. This leaves but a shiny oily secretion, which is sticky, soapy feel. This secretion met several tasks. Odor and glossy effect lure insects to food search. These remain on the sticky surface liable. Their twitching excite receptors on the surface of the leaf. The rolls now quickly digested and the trophy.

The nutrients are of special cells absorbed the leaf entrollt again, the shell of the insect on the leaf remains simply glue. The flowers of this plant are small and red and enthroned on a long stalk high above the plant body, just as in the previously described species. According to the remark interested Most of the species described here are commercially available and can also be fairly easy to keep at home. All types love both constant moisture of the soil and the air, little or no fertilizer (if only in the main wax tumszeit. So in the summer) and regular insect gifts (some exotics are not able, in our own fauna to catch their food. Here we are helping, by the Viecher himself totschlägt or, if you are not predisposed to murdering funny is, small pieces of raw meat or cheese into the traps throws). In winter, go for most species the upper parts of plants that root factory remains But given. If the plant throughout the winter slightly cooler and moderately moist soil holds, you have a good chance that they grow again next spring.

Flora and Fauna of Asia

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Carnivorous Plant

Carnivorous plants overview of habitats and food idiosyncrasies at nutrient-poor locations (eg moor), some species can invade a method to find the lack of nutrients (especially nitrogen and compounds) commercially. They catch and digest animal prey. Most insects, though the larger tropical species occasionally catch a frog, or the various aquatic species accordingly Krustazeen or small fish. These animals is for growth and prosperity of the plant in its barren habitat is very supportive, but not vital. A carnivorous plant is so even after prolonged almost not a cure, it is all things. The trapping this carnivoren are varied and refined.

The booty is in the digestive juices drowned, absorbed or in the case bears a kind of fixed. The individual families are basically divided according to their fishing. Description of individual families, their habitats and lifestyles. For the ones subgroup, Sarracenia, the individual pitchers in the form of a rosette arranged. This structure, we will still find many times. This example is the jug from a thin tube and upwards is becoming more widely, with most species to a piece about Mark Grand Opening. This is a kind of shield around, which in some ways a lid is formed. In the center of the rosette of the flowers.

They sit at a long stalks high above the rest of the plant. Probably avoids the plant so that they are their own pollinator. The insect catch will now proceed as follows: The opening of the pitchers is slightly raised and often colorful, but the lid is usually brightly colored. Of this, and the scent of nectar plant insects are attracted. In search of nectar, they are on the edge of the hole down, then hike into the interior of the pot. This is designed so that you can while the bottom – even very quickly, because the interior walls are smooth and slippery – but not upward. Prevent the damp interior walls and strong, hard hair, in such an angle from the tower walls that overcoming impossible.

Finally, land animals in the digestive fluid, which is at the bottom of the pot has accumulated. Regarding the way these individual species developed different ways of eating. Some distinguished from the secretions done here serves as the cover and rain is designed so that a dilution of the secretions in prevented rainwater. Others need the rain as a dilution of their concentrated secretions. This closes the lid is not opening. The digestive secretions flow in a zone, which is deep in the cup, with hair below the occupied region. The juices, then the secretion from the glands are similar to the animal digestive enzymes. In the Sarracenia species but are always bacteria in the digestive involved. For a few types of bacteria even take over the whole digestive work.

This system is usually insects, like flies, bees, mosquitoes, etc., for the victims. Occasionally has a spacious opening but once the happiness, an insect fangenden tree frog, or even larger insect smaller toads to catch. As if all this is still not common enough to have some Sarracenia species (Darlingtonia), nor various extra traps idea. With this type of cover protects the hole before the rain. He is shaped so that the plant looks like an attacking cobra (In its North American distribution area will be called Cobra Lily).

These snake-like appearance is an outgrowth of the opening (looks like a snake tongue) even more, he is bright-colored and acts as a runway for insect prey. The lid completely obscured the entrance. Normally he would be so obscured, and to become a place in which no reasonable insect would stop. Therefore, the plant cover in their tissues transparently spots, a sort of window developed. Now is the entrance illuminated.

Another effect: An insect that wants to get out, crawls to these transparent stains, in the assumption that it is here to the outcome of the whole affair. This is obviously not out. Rather, the insect crawls tired. Plumpst and finally into the digestive fluid. Another interesting representative of the Can Nepenthes plants, with over 60 sub-species residing on Borneo and the surrounding area. These plants live on the earth’s surface or epiphytic in rain forests, savannas and dry, sandy hill areas. Nepenthes has long, slender, leaves sworts like with serrated edge, the tips in tendrils semester. This keep the plant in the rest of vegetation established. At the ends of tendrils formed the opening, with a rain equipped. The cans are in most types of colorful designs. The flowers are small and uninteresting and are in a tuft at the tip of the stem. Naturally, this plant has a nasty trick from camp: From the stems of the plant, on the leaves and tendrils, up to because pitchers are small droplets of nectar secreted.

Carnivorous Plants, Asia Flora; Sight Seeing Bangkok online guide, Tropical Fish Temperature Information.

Ringel Worm

Ringel worms, Latin name is “annelids / Annelida”, belong to the tribe of the limbs animals. The ring-worms in the little bristles orders (Oligochaeta), large bristles (Polychaeta) and leeches (Hirudinea) subdivided. There are approximately 9000 species. Known representatives include earthworm and leeches. The largest species can have up to 3 meters long and is a ringel worm species in Australia (Eunice gigantea), the smallest type is a ringed worm in groundwater, he is half a millimeter in size. The worms are ringed the most developed worms. Naming body description is the elongated, mostly round the body, the rings (segments) is divided. On the rings are ungegliederte, feet of bristled butts and water-living species also gills. The bristles, which consist of chitin, sit on several pairs, the earthworm is exactly eight per ring, on the belly side and the two sides body. They are rearward facing and allow the worm to it to move and not to slip back. When the bristles hold, the worm in the soil also by vertical tubes creep. The body sections are largely the same built and the outer striped is mostly an internal encapsulation. Another feature is also from the skin and a ring and longitudinal muscle layer of the skin muscle existing hose. The abdominal cavity is filled with fluid. The cave is a straight, unbroken through the gut.

The closed vascular system consists of a back and a stomach tube, for each body section ring receptacles are connected. The back of the blood vessel is pushing forward the abdominal vascular back again. There are also in each section two simple excretory organs available. The ventral side on the nervous system is consists of two long strands with paired by crossing associated nerve nodes in each section. This construction is called Strickland Head nervous. The nervous system consists of a further front. The bristles are usually large marine animals, live afloat and rapacious or seated firmly. Among the many bristled ones include the Sandpier and Palolo. The leeches live ectoparasites. This means that these worms as parasites on the body surface of other animals live. On a motion creeping earthworm can be seen that in the first getting the rings on the rear end move in together. The contracted piece is thicker than the rest of the body. Then pushes the compressed zone as a wave up to the front end of the worm. Finally, the head end as far down as before the rear end was tightened.

The body wall consists of the main muscular tube with two muscle layers. If the longitudinal muscles, shorten the worm pulls itself together. Shorten the ring muscles, then stretches the worm. These muscles practice a combination of contrasting movements, called the muscles also antagonists (opponents). Leeches have on the front and the rear end of each suction cup, which they can be an exciting move. In addition, they swim with wave-like movements. Sucker on the front are three horn jaw with teeth. The earthworm has no respiratory organs, but takes oxygen through his thin, slimy skin. He needs moist environment, since the skin only in wet can breathe: earthworms are humidified air animals. But if the soil after heavy rains soaked with water is, they must come out, because they can not breathe in water and would die. The blood vessel system of the earthworm branches to close to the body surface. From the fine blood carbon dioxide penetrates through the skin to the outside, while oxygen on the opposite way in the blood reaches. This gas exchange is described as a skin respiration.

The less bristled procreation and the leech also called together belt worms, the name of an organization, who serves procreation. In the front-thirds of the body have a thickening on. It is the so-called rich glant Clitellum, when mutual copulation more swells and strong absondert secretions and the animals often for hours together. Mating takes place in the warm nights on the surface of the earth or water instead. The egg-laying happens shortly afterwards. And although the eggs in a large pea slime bags stored by the Clitellum isolated and will soon leathery corroborated. The young worms slip belt after two to three weeks. Earthworms have a belt, during the reproductive process from the front end of the rear body slides. On the hose first male sperm and female ova then delivered. The belt moves from the body and it grows a new worm. The “original blueprint” in each segment contains a pair of sex organs, this “design principle” but within the group of ringed worms often modified.

Ringel Worms, Asia Flora; Accuweather online information, Gift Ideas guide.

Bamboo Info

As a man you have always encounters – as a gardener but further, namely those with plants. I arrived a few years ago in a garden, what a beautiful bamboo grew. Wide, unloading, certainly five to six meters high, captivated me this plant extremely extraordinary. It seems that you sometimes for years on plants passes without it really perceive. From this encounter has developed a relationship which has been going on for years. I could not hold back and had a piece of this impressive crop to ask your own garden. The owner looked at me, but warned and said: “That you have to be superior but good if you did it once, so you’ll get him little more away. And also do you do me a lot of work! “Such a warning may be of course a plant in an amorous gardener does not deter finally makes love so blind. The second point I understood until years later.

So now the growing Phyllostachys sp. As he is internationally understandable, since soon eight years in the garden. From a tough piece, for which a plastic bag was good place, becomes now a several meters in diameter plant. The whole year he is green and always in motion, with its thousands of small leaves. With the whole shape he responds to the atmospheric conditions: very quiet rustling, he barely moved in the air, he duck under crackling rain, will disheveled and fro by the wind, which blows around the corner of the house. It may storm, as it pleases, never I found a broken branch. The winter covered him with snow. He offers no resistance to the falling flakes. This bow to him with her weight, until he lies on the ground. But hardly is the snow resumed, the bamboo culms back into their old upright there. A biggest enemy however is: the frost, when the temperatures are below minus 20 degrees Celsius.

The aboveground part from freezes, the rhizome is protected in the ground, and with last year is stored force pushes it back out again. The died straws are cut. Until next winter is very cold enough then “baby” bamboos are available to other plants in the garden. In the early summer, when the first warm days the soil has warmed, it is particularly interesting what the bamboo “do”. Between the old culms and spur driving the species even in the close vicinity, making itself felt all sorts of tips, which remarkably rapidly, with small leaf blades as cheerfully waving in the amount aspire.

The blade itself, from the rhizome fed from the ground. As thick as the sprout from the ground, will the straw afterwards. The number of nodes of mature bamboo culms then is fixed. Are extraordinarily sensitive young straws at this time: the aborted shoot uppers with the lawn mower or cut off, dies the whole part. Bamboo can be used for botanical breathtakingly fast growing conditions, namely, depending on the type of favorable locations 20 – 40 inches a day. Quite the stalks grow straight up and punctured lanceolate same area of the previously grown shoots. Each year, the new culms grow a little higher, until after about 10 years, their continuing thickness has been reached. If the growth in length completed, the stem begins to branch, leaf and to be in line with the community of straws.

This is of longer duration, 8-10 years old can be a bamboo branch, every year he is driving more side shoots with new leaves. Again, this may be several months old. The change will take place continuously: the plant “cleans” itself. That is why always the ground is with lots of dry leaves and very siliceous covered by cats, birds and children. Well, so each plant has its own species of bamboo will not return. He is really something special for us and may in fact look on its native relatives he belongs to the family of grasses. Precisely this, the truly gigantic growing giant grass can look for the beauty of the known grasses develop, which also includes the grains. The grass flower is peculiar manner as compared to other plants very inconspicuous.

One might think that for this family was not important, in this way to express their care. Is even more pronounced when the bamboo: it blooms only in very large distances – some even in thirty years, in different rhythms of 60, 80 or even 120 years. This much to the chagrin of the scholars, which so clearly a plant just after flowering can determine. So there is not yet the desired clarity today. In the flowering plant achieves such a performance that they subsequently dies. Horticulture art can not prevent it, where it happens remains to be hoped that from the very short time germinable seeds develop new plants. Usually we say that “love is through the stomach. It went so well with my in the meantime efficient grown bamboo.

With the tension was the summer, the children kept busy looking after the first sprouts, and then her father in the sweat of his view with spades, shovels, pickaxes, hatchet, saw and we can see lopper small pieces of bamboo gets out of the ground. The surprise was great when it was shown that these bamboo also a fairly useful and robust indoor plant provenance. They are replaced in our room the curtains. Other bamboo species found themselves with time. For example, a dwarf bamboo, which is one of the few plants heard what I had in my room. Every day, he greeted me as a front for the underlying morning sky and suggests to his thoughts of some kind.

Bamboo is primarily 40 degrees north and 40 degrees south of the equator to a height of 3000 m at home, but normaly used only in Asia. In the culture of the peoples living there, however, he plays an extraordinarily important role: he is from the life inconceivable. It will be used as building material for houses, for scaffolding, as containers for beverages and food, as raw material for the manufacture of furniture and objects a direction for the field equipment and gardening, as a weapon, as food for animals and humans, as a medicine. Modern materials and techniques can not replace the bamboo.

Bamboo products, the strength of steel, but is flexible, easy and still solid, but is formed and tough. It burns bad, but with heat bent and shaped, can be used in fiber direction capillary divided, which then again, many products can be manufactured. The jun gene shoots are an excellent food, the leaves are of cattle (and Panda Bear) estimated. Of the approximately 100 species encountered in Japan are mainly two grown in culture. “Madake” construction and factory equipment, “Moso” for the bamboo shoots. The cultures are carefully maintained and set precise knowledge of the plants provided. The straws are beaten if they are three to five years old – have previously are too soft, too hard afterwards. Bamboo accompanies the people through the whole life.

Bamboo, Asia Flora; Thailand pictures online, Catalog Shopping Information.